The power adapter industry has several established norms. One of the key norms is related to safety. Power adapters must be designed and manufactured to prevent electrical hazards, such as short - circuits, over - voltage, and over - current. To this end, manufacturers follow strict safety guidelines and use high - quality insulating materials.

　　Another important norm is compatibility. Power adapters should be compatible with a wide range of devices. For example, a laptop power adapter should be able to work with different models of the same brand's laptops, and in some cases, with other brands' laptops that have similar power requirements. This requires standardization in terms of output voltage, current, and connector types. The industry has also seen an increasing trend towards universal connectors, such as USB - C, which can be used across various devices like smartphones, tablets, and laptops.

　　Efficiency is also a significant norm. Power adapters are expected to convert electrical power from the mains to the appropriate voltage and current for the connected device with minimal power loss. Energy - efficient adapters not only save electricity but also reduce heat generation, which in turn improves the overall lifespan and reliability of the adapter. Manufacturers often use advanced circuit designs and components to achieve higher efficiency levels.

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